Saturday, April 22, 2017

Hypothesis: virus families bind receptor families (restated from earlier post)

Hypothesis: Virus families bind receptor families

Melanocortin receptors and Flaviviruses (west nile, dengue, zika)

Estrogen receptors (alpha, beta, estrogen-related)  and Herpes viruses (alpha, beta, and gamma)

Dopamine receptors and Flu viruses

Acetlycholine receptors and Enteroviruses (d68, coxsackie)

Cannabinoid receptors and Human Papilloma viruses

serotonin receptors and Polyomaviruses (JC virus/sv40, BK, hepatitis B)

luteinizing hormone receptors and retroviruses (rous sarcoma virus, HIV)

Muscarinic receptors and Paramyxoviridae (measles, mumps, RSV, parainfluenza viruses)

NOTES:

Hepatitis A is an enterovirus
Hepatitis B is a polyomavirus
Hepatitis C is a flavivirus

earlier post on receptor binding

receptor hypothesis: positive or negative

collected references

serotonin receptors and polyomaviruses 2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24089568

herpes reactivation is estrogen receptor dependent 2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19846508

HHV8 and the estrogen receptor alpha 2008
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/8097/

no direct link dopamine and flu but virus always found in dopamine cells
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051068

The dopamine 2 receptor is on the pancreas
http://www.jbc.org/content/280/44/36824.full

D2 and the substantia nigra
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1825842
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmc/2011/403039/

Frontal lobe and D2
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811906011049

The flu virus and parkinson's
http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2009/08/bird-flu-virus-possible-trigger-parkinsons

Could it be that the flu uses the D2 receptor to infect cells?

The receptor that people have found them using is hemaggluten. Hemaggluten is the antigen on red blood cells that we use to identify blood types.  This had me puzzled.

However the dopamine D2 receptors have a hemogglutin epitope. ( a matching piece)
http://www.jbc.org/content/274/28/19894.abstract

melatonin protects against flaviviruses
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962057

if you assume virus families use receptor families and look at where flaviviruses infect a possible pattern appears

Flaviviruses look like they bind melanocortin receptors

mcr1   Tick borne encephalitis virus/ hepatitis C   (Thrombocytopenia due to red blood cells with mcr1)

mcr2 (ACTH receptor)   Zika (placenta, developing brain)

mcr3  West nile (kidneys)

mcr3 and mcr1  Japanese encephalitis

mcr4  Yellow fever (liver)/ hepatitis C (here too)
                 
mcr5  Dengue (immune system T cells) (which explains the second exposure response)


HIV looks like it causes premature menopause
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303653

Menstrual cycle and HIV
https://books.google.com/books?id=cGUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Luteinizing+hormone+and+HIV&source=bl&ots=wbfbAocMEP&sig=MYmm4wIjsIpThKZQvDe-2rFI27M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFgtKC25zTAhXLrlQKHbUDCG04ChDoAQgjMAQ#v=onepage&q=Luteinizing%20hormone%20and%20HIV&f=false

HIV surges with LH drops so do they use the same receptor?


feline leukemia virus and thiamine transporter
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537605
https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/spotlight/imports/feline-leukemia-virus-inhibits-thiamine-uptake--with-pathologica.html

LH and albumin antibody cross-reaction
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2102467

albumin binds the thiamine transporter and LH receptor...is this what retroviruses bind?

Rabies binds the neurotoxin binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8887475

This neurotoxin binding site is where nicotine binds
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3448605

coxsackie virus (an enterovirus) infection is blocked by nicotine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26851533
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26507386
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26851533

Nectin-like interactions of polio virus binding
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631086

Measles virus binds nectin-4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27483301

since polio virus binds nectins and measles binds nectin 4 is it possible that paramyxoviridae viruses bind muscarinic receptors?







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