Wednesday, March 1, 2017

Viral triggered asthma and MCR1 : the redhead gene?

Do people with the MCR1 redhead gene mutation have virally triggered asthma ?

There is a percent of the population that develop asthma because of viral infections. Can this be linked to carrying the MCR1 gene because of it's role in suppressing inflammatory reactions?

Are redhead genetically susceptible to asthma?

Melanocortin reduces inflammation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9629264
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8528899/

melanocortin suppresses lymphocytes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16177130

production of melanocortin during lung cell injury
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304115

TNF alpha concentrations and macrophages with MCR1 receptors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233018
Melanocortin/ACTH decreases the amount of TNF alpha made

MCR1 is the gene mutation in redheads

MCR1 is expressed on activated monocytes and macrophages
http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/56/1/1.long

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/158/7/3378?ijkey=dd5cfb5b7be30851fdafd3ae7f41f4b3ac221a3e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Alternatively activated macrophages in Asthma
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902247/

I might be going out on a limb here but Redheads with their MCR1 defect might have asthma attacks because the melanocortin cannot bind MCR1 to calm down the macrophages

The hyper macrophages could be causing too much TNF alpha.

Rhinoviruses infecting macrophages...have been linked to this form of asthma
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6913718_Rhinovirus_Replication_in_Human_Macrophages_Induces_NF-_B-Dependent_Tumor_Necrosis_Factor_Alpha_Production

Is the MCR1 gene that causes virally triggered Asthma?

other thoughts:

1. neutrophils
melanocortin down regulates the receptors for il-8
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200535209/abstract

il-8 is made by infected macrophages (made with tnf alpha)  il-8 specifically calls the neutrophils

if the MCR1 are defective then this processes of calling neutrophils is not slowed or stopped

Neutrophils in viral induced asthma
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/pm/2012/834826/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674915009331

2. Tyro3

Viruses that trigger asthma: RSV, rhinovirus, and influenza A

RSV and asthma
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2966842/

Rhinovirus and asthma

All of these viruses are cytosolic viruses which would trigger  TYRO3 expression.  Is this connected?

TYRO3 is not just a TAM macrophage hand but also inhibits cytosolic RNA translation and has involvement in melanocortin pathways

TYRO3 and melanoma
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/40/17025.full

3.
TNF alpha has been shown to have a direct effect on flu
http://jvi.asm.org/content/76/3/1071.full














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