Noticed patterns which still need to be understood:
Nuclear viruses use demethylation or methylation which may be how viruses turn on dormant embryo Herv genes
Zygote - demethylation- Blastocyte- methylation- Epiblast (pluripotent cells)
awakens Herv K Herv H
Epiblast -demethylation - PGCs - methylation -Fetus
Herv E Herv W
viruses: HPV/flavivirus Herpes/ polyomaviruses/retroviruses
demethylation methylation
Herpes viruses as part of their cycle use methylation of the host DNA which awakens the herv-H and herv-W
(exception herv-k18 which is stimulated by IFN alpha not demethylation)
epstein barr and methylation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567077
epstein barr with herv-H and herv-W
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608883
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566025
Retroviruses, like HIV, as part of their cycle use demethylation of the host DNA which awakens herv-K and herv-E.
Retrovirus infection and host demethylation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623319
HIV and Herv-K
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311604/
HIV and Herv-E
http://jvi.asm.org/content/85/14/6977.full
HPV (human papilloma virus is not a retrovirus, infects using cannabinoid receptors) has been linked to cervical cancer
global demethylation during cervical cancer (which means demethylation for HPV)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1291396/
cervical cancer and herv-K
http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-13-4
HPV and Herv-K
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/ijc.29003/asset/ijc29003.pdf?v=1&t=j0a6z1qh&s=d0dde9b76c7e1a8c7bd22fee34bb4a6597b34104
HPV causes cervical and pancreatic cancer
HPV might cause kidney cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237219
herv-E and kidney cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775266/
Melanoma (flavivirus) is herv-k (demethylation)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19167380
(earlier hypothesis on blog that some flaviviruses can use MCR1 and end up in the nucleus)
merkel cell carcinoma and polyomavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23387356
herv-w and JC polyomavirus
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296208262_Activation_of_HERV-W_human_endogenous_retroviruses_by_JC_polyomavirus_in_human_astrocytes_a_novel_effect_that_could_contribute_to_neurodegeneration
polyomaviruses go through the ER
Further thoughts Hervs are named for the amino acid tRNA that binds to the primer-binding-site of the viral RNA (tRNA are what match the amino acids to the RNA in ribosomes)
Herv-E is lysine
Herv-K is glutamic acid
these amino acids of the tRNA are both zwitterions (can be bipolar)
Herv-H is histidine
Herv-F is phenylalanine
Herv-W is tryptophan
These amino acids are not just zwitterions but they have imidazole rings (stronger charges)
How is this significant for methylation during embryogenesis? is it because the carboxyl groups are methylated and the imidazole rings are amphoteric? (the rings can be bipolar) so the tRNAs can function even with all the methylation
Nuclear viruses use demethylation or methylation which may be how viruses turn on dormant embryo Herv genes
Zygote - demethylation- Blastocyte- methylation- Epiblast (pluripotent cells)
awakens Herv K Herv H
Epiblast -demethylation - PGCs - methylation -Fetus
Herv E Herv W
viruses: HPV/flavivirus Herpes/ polyomaviruses/retroviruses
demethylation methylation
Herpes viruses as part of their cycle use methylation of the host DNA which awakens the herv-H and herv-W
(exception herv-k18 which is stimulated by IFN alpha not demethylation)
epstein barr and methylation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567077
epstein barr with herv-H and herv-W
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608883
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566025
Retroviruses, like HIV, as part of their cycle use demethylation of the host DNA which awakens herv-K and herv-E.
Retrovirus infection and host demethylation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623319
HIV and Herv-K
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311604/
HIV and Herv-E
http://jvi.asm.org/content/85/14/6977.full
HPV (human papilloma virus is not a retrovirus, infects using cannabinoid receptors) has been linked to cervical cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1291396/
cervical cancer and herv-K
http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-13-4
HPV and Herv-K
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/ijc.29003/asset/ijc29003.pdf?v=1&t=j0a6z1qh&s=d0dde9b76c7e1a8c7bd22fee34bb4a6597b34104
HPV causes cervical and pancreatic cancer
HPV might cause kidney cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237219
herv-E and kidney cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775266/
Melanoma (flavivirus) is herv-k (demethylation)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19167380
(earlier hypothesis on blog that some flaviviruses can use MCR1 and end up in the nucleus)
merkel cell carcinoma and polyomavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23387356
herv-w and JC polyomavirus
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296208262_Activation_of_HERV-W_human_endogenous_retroviruses_by_JC_polyomavirus_in_human_astrocytes_a_novel_effect_that_could_contribute_to_neurodegeneration
polyomaviruses go through the ER
Further thoughts Hervs are named for the amino acid tRNA that binds to the primer-binding-site of the viral RNA (tRNA are what match the amino acids to the RNA in ribosomes)
Herv-E is lysine
Herv-K is glutamic acid
these amino acids of the tRNA are both zwitterions (can be bipolar)
Herv-H is histidine
Herv-F is phenylalanine
Herv-W is tryptophan
These amino acids are not just zwitterions but they have imidazole rings (stronger charges)
How is this significant for methylation during embryogenesis? is it because the carboxyl groups are methylated and the imidazole rings are amphoteric? (the rings can be bipolar) so the tRNAs can function even with all the methylation
No comments:
Post a Comment