Sunday, June 5, 2016

Area Postrema and autoimmunity: Is neuromyelitis optica caused by cross-targeting here?


Hypothesis: autoimmunity is triggered by the cross-targeting of a virus marking the inside of the cell and an infection marking the outside.  One of each. If Neuromyelitis optica is autoimmune then the flu virus and either a fungus or mycoplasma will be found triggering it. 

The Area postrema is responsible for nausea and this area of the brain could be the "target".

neuromyelitis optica with lesions in the area postrema causes hiccups, nausea, vomiting
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068006/

The average time to development of these lesions after the first brain symptom was 21 months!
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/msi/2012/735486/
fi they look too soon they may not see lesions

In fact brazilian study found lesions only 50% of the time
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18392403

area posterma is located right next to brain stem

https://www.google.com/search?q=area+postrema+located&espv=2&tbm=isch&imgil=WIYf19aj099DLM%253A%253BT801LTbqdDA5OM%253Bhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.cnsforum.com%25252Feducationalresources%25252Fimagebank%25252Fserotonergic%25252F5ht3_dist&source=iu&pf=m&fir=WIYf19aj099DLM%253A%252CT801LTbqdDA5OM%252C_&usg=__fgW1dXHt6Efd47emxF1_5BHEHxk%3D&biw=1050&bih=717&ved=0ahUKEwili8SS7JHNAhUIb1IKHWTfCbsQyjcISw&ei=iZtUV-WiJ4jeyQLkvqfYCw#imgdii=WIYf19aj099DLM%3A%3BWIYf19aj099DLM%3A%3BAPviZeI-_6D-AM%3A&imgrc=WIYf19aj099DLM%3A

Area postrema and D2 receptors
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014299981905409

Swine flu family viruses are linked to D2 receptors in previous post
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2016/05/dopamine-receptors-and-flu-viruses-are.html

D2 receptors are on the pancreas which means a risk of type one Diabetes at the same time
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129680

swine flu is H1N1 which is influenza A

my previous post on neuromyelitis: connects influenza A with 2 types of infection
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2014/08/neuromyelitisoptica-and-cross-targeting.html

interesting article: mycoplasma, NMO, and anti-aquaporin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19497587
(pneumonia)

There seem to be 2 types of NMO: monophasic and relapsing

Is the monophasic neuromyelitis optica type trigger by mycoplasms with the flu? it effects both sexes equally
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5292135_Mycoplasma_pneumonia_as_a_cause_of_neuromyelitis_optica

The relapsing neuromyelitis optica affects woman more and has "waves " of attacks which sounds like a fungal infection. Estrogen can alter the morphology of fungal infections. (mold to yeast transitions where mold forms "disappear")

Does the fungal or mycoplasma infection create aquaporin antibodies? Can the antibodies alone trigger the autoimmune disease with a flu virus? Aquaporin proteins of the human body are highest in the CNS that are targeted in NMO.

If this is true then it means another infections like t.gondii or strep can open up the blood brain barrier which allowed the flu virus and the aquaporin antibodies in. (normally viruses and antibodies cannot reach the brain)

Is that why this disease is rare? 3 infections needed? Or can fungal infections cross the blood brain barrier which means that the remitting NMO is more common? more woman have this disease?

dicord lupus and nmo (Trichophyton)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745613
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11036404

sjogren's and nmo (candida)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26938585
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21844143

aspergillus and NMO
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27031126

mycoplasmas and NMO
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563469

Mycoplasmas (RA) and biofilms
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549656
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443045

candida and biofilms
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/content/157/11/3232.full.pdf

in yeast aquaporins help biofilms form
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416513004121

candida and aquaporins
http://aem.asm.org/content/71/10/6434

NMO has anti-aquaporins
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17439296

specifically aquaporin4 is the water channel of the central nervous system and the specific channel in NMO that has antibodies against it
http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n4/full/nrn3468.html

Further: Can crystal meth replace the virus triggering the autoimmune cross-targeting? Are users at risk of developing NMO?

Note that 10-15% of NMO cases do not have aquaporin antibodies or lesions so in a small percent something is replacing the mycoplasmas and fungal infections.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950113

Sexes affected equally when no aquaporin antibodies yet NMO
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658379

A small group of NMO have been associated with ulcerative colitis

I had associated c.soridella with ulcerative colitis (a relative of c. difficile that secretes an acid similar to h.pylori thus causing the ulcers)
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2013/05/ulcerative-colitis.html

C.diff or C. sordellii secrete a Toxin B that effects water channels (aquaporins)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12640036
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4250724/

Could the group negative for the antibodies be the group triggered by the ToxinB? 










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