Monday, August 1, 2016

Do all flaviviruses to some degree bind MCR1? (in addition to their main melanocortin receptor)

I have been dividing up the flaviviruses with the melanocortin receptor they could use:

mcr1   Tick borne encephalitis virus/ hepatitis C   (Thrombocytopenia due to red blood cells with mcr1)

mcr2 (ACTH receptor)   Zika (placenta, developing brain)

mcr3  West nile (kidneys)

mcr3 and mcr1  Japanese encephalitis

mcr4  Yellow fever (liver)
                       
mcr5  Dengue (immune system T cells)

I am thinking they open the door into cells using this receptor most of the time and the other melacortin receptors less well.

Fantastic MCR review paper
http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/56/1/1.full

However do all the flaviviruses bind mcr1 weakly?

Mcr1 is at the skin and could be the reason for the flavivirus skin rashes/melanoma link

mcr1 and skin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10597134

mcr1 and melanoma
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460937

mcr1 translocates to the nucleus? hmmm or just being made
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4885833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9362391

Red hair has the mutation to mcr1 and it has been long known that they have much higher rates of melanoma which could mean the virus binds these receptors better?

Red heads typically require more anesthetics

mcr1 mutations and pain
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994880

What about the joint pain that all flaviviruses can develop?

Joints:

Could the MCR1  help explain the delayed joint pain experienced in dengue?
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Post-dengue-joint-and-muscle-pain-on-rise/articleshow/44936280.cms

Mcr1 has been looked at concerning joints and osteoarthritis. (so the receptors are there in the joints the question is does the virus infect using them causing the dengue's pain in later stages)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25191747

Blindness and blood shot eyes:

the blood shot eyes that are associated with the flaviviruses are caused by inflammation of the ocular
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1192122-overview

mrc1 is expressed at the ocular (studies in red heads)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180688/

Could the blindness occur when the virus has destroyed too many ocular cells? Does eye sight weaken after flavivirus infections in general?

dengue and blindness
https://www.evrs.eu/severe-blindness-a-rare-but-devastating-complication-of-dengue-fever/

westnile and blindness (mcr 3 or mcr 1)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16344453
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15621074
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/effects-of-west-nile-virus-on-vision.259316/

Zika and blindness (mcr4 or mcr 1)

ocular melanoma and mcr1

Prostate cancer seems to be linked to all the flaviviruses too
could this be because the prostate has mcr1?

MCR2 and prostate cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842514

(assuming my co-carcinogenesis hypothesis that a carcinogen and a virus together cause most cancers thus explaining the link between melanoma and prostate cancer)

link for mcr4 and liver
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0030-1269482

Mcr4 mutations have been linked to obesity

it is then interesting to see that vaccines for yellow fever which might use mcr4 have had a metabolic response
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010983

hepatitis C and encephalitis
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554429
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12614463
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251811

hepatitis and thrombocytopenia (mcr1)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21188328

Note that Hep C infections was not found to increase melanoma risk.  So is it west nile and the MCR3 receptor?



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