Thursday, March 8, 2018

TH2 and TH9 cells

Basophils and TH2 (mycobacteria)

TLR 2 and TLR 4 genes with TB
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29348888

TLR2 and TLR4 in Basophils
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15696084

Initial il-4 burst from Basophils trigger TH2

Basophils contain: il-4, anticoagulant heparin, histamine, and leukotrienes

Mycobacteria's major antigen is HGHA heparin-binding haemagglutinin adhesion protein
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P9WIP9

The mycobacteria's trigger the tlr2 and tlr4 of basophils which causes them to degranulate. The il-4 burst triggers TH2 cells and the heparin attempts to limit the mycobacteria adhesion.

TGF-B1, mast cells, and TH9 (nuclear/mito viral infection or cancer)

If TGF-b1 is linked to viral infection in the mitochondria or nucleus what is this type of TH9 cell?

TH9 secretes: il-9, il-10, and il-21

il-10 and il-21 are viral linked cytokines. What is il-9?

il-9 has been linked to inhibiting  tumors
http://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/2/9/OF11

il-9 is a gamma chain cytokine (like il-2 il-4 il-7 il-15 il-21) Which means it is also a proliferation cytokine

il-9 is also produced by TH17
http://jem.rupress.org/content/206/8/1653

TH17 is the second popping (in the case of viral infections when the virus has moved into organelles which then need to be popped)
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2018/01/th17-cells-second-popping-cytokines-il.html

Is il-9  involved with Mast cells stimulation/growth?
https://books.google.com/books?id=L4CI-qkhuQ8C&pg=PA302&lpg=PA302&dq=neutrophils+il-8+il-9&source=bl&ots=pZedcPk4zm&sig=e4dPjeHKsDWa5R7O-El3trupBTk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim6M2usN7ZAhUW-2MKHXx9B144FBDoAQg5MAQ#v=onepage&q=neutrophils%20il-8%20il-9&f=false

Mast cells are involved with the IgA2 identification of viral infections
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2018/03/hypothesis-tgf-beta1-is-associated-with.html


Eosinophils and il-13 (Helminth)

il-13 and eosinophils
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11590387
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12100061
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097410

eosinophils and helminth
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3538819










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