Wednesday, January 25, 2017

Flaviviruses look like they bind melanocortin receptors to infect not TLR3 which is capturing it (zika and ACTH receptors)

Flaviviruses look like they bind melanocortin receptors

mcr1   Tick borne encephalitis virus/ hepatitis C   (Thrombocytopenia due to red blood cells with mcr1)

mcr2 (ACTH receptor)   Zika (placenta, developing brain)

mcr3  West nile (kidneys)

mcr3 and mcr1  Japanese encephalitis

mcr4  Yellow fever (liver)
                   
mcr5  Dengue (immune system T cells) (which explains the second exposure response)

This reference shows that melatonin protects against flaviviruses
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962057

west nile virus apparently picks the same brain cells displaying parkinson's like symptoms in some cases
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/12/1617.full

This reference suggests that flaviviruses use melanocortin receptors. Further the hypothesis that virus families bind receptor families and matching them to the melanocortin receptor family explains the infection pattern see which can not be explained by flaviviruses simply all using the same TLR.

TLRs are receptors, generic nets, helping the immune system. TLR3s are internal nets which are suppose to bind RNA viruses of the cytosol. (these specific TLR3s are not on the outside of the cell until they catch something in the cytosol when they then move to the outside so they can't possibly be how West nile infects)

TLR3 and west nile infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15558055

again West nile has been shown to bind TLR3 but I question whether this is really the receptor the virus is using to infect.

The conserved "why" motif of the all of these flaviviruses is highly negative and like the agouti could be binding the melanocortin receptor's positive region.

receptor hypothesis: positive or negative

zika virus illustration:  spike protein covered
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/717909/view

"why" motif of hepatitis C conserved: w is tryptophan with a benzene ring
https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/187/6/982.full

is this the same as the "E sequence"?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2371772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1642602/

flavivirus conserved sequence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1177995/

rod like molecule of beta sheets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12667795

agouti is a beta sheet rod structure which binds melanocortin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9819197
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9893984

melatonin protects against flaviviruses
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962057

Zika and ACTH
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2016/01/does-zika-virus-use-melanocortin.html

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