Monday, November 9, 2015

Carcinogens inhibit polymerases: reference links

Francis Peyton Rous' Co-carcinogenesis hypothesis: that a virus and a carcinogen together cause cancer. (1966 Nobel prize for HPV work)  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2135410/

My co-carcinogenesis takes his further because carcinogens inhibit polymerases.

What I surmise from his hypothesis:

A virus enters a cell through a receptor, opens up and alters host DNA telomeres. The carcinogen  inhibits the virus' polymerase because viral polymerases have stronger binding affinities than the host's.

Cancer cells can make unlimited copies because of the telomere modifications done by the virus. 

There are DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases. Think of DNA as the cookbook and RNA as recipes...one polymerase copies the entire cookbook, one makes repairs, and one polymerase copies just a recipe.

If the viral polymerases are inhibited by the carcinogen instead of the host's polymerase then the cancer "stem" cell could be created.  The host's polymerases have access to and can make unlimited copies.

Looking at breast cancer....the polymerase involved in DNA repair could the culprit.

Rous' hypothesis is Co-carcinogenesis which requires a virus and a carcinogen together to start the cancer.  My hypotheses are that the cancer tumor wears the virus' entry receptor on the surface and that the carcinogens must be polymerase inhibitors.

Benzene inhibits polymerases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2926830
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4006011 (mito but still a polymerase....needs to happen in the nucleus to cause cancer)

alcohol as a carcinogen in liver cancer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23101985

Alcohol inhibits polymerases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585138

Aflatoxin inhibiting polymerases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC244025/

Dioxin stimulates or inhibits RNA synthase depending on cell type?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7126257

Asbestos inhibiting polymerases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543585

Aldehydes inhibiting polymerases
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/229290450_Differential_inactivation_of_DNA_polymerases__and__by_aldehyde_compounds

Formaldehyde inhibiting polymerases
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01839520#page-1

Nitrates and nitrites inhibit viral polymerases

https://books.google.com/books?id=NW6m_TqbXWQC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=nitrites+polymerase&source=bl&ots=q-JTD0FMD9&sig=LNVFbWXAzveE9SsQVPcnFpljhcQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIwJuOmdyDyQIVQ-9jCh3Mvwss#v=onepage&q=nitrites%20polymerase&f=false

nitrates, nitrities, nitric oxide connection
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18167491

skin and nitric oxide
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615895
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15275864

nitric oxide and nitrate  inhibiting polymerases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14642390

Antiviral acyclovir inhibits epstein barr polymerase (would only matter in breast or glial cells  because in nerves it would be in the mitochondria)
http://www.pnas.org/content/77/9/5163.full.pdf

special note: BRCA susceptibility genes in breast cancer are involved with DNA polymerases and DNA repair. the BRCA protein is promoted to areas of DNA damage.

http://www.shmu.edu.cn/courses/2010aut/20100925/20101101/yuxiaoli-Inhibition%20of__%20Poly(ADP-Ribose)%20Polymerase%20in%20Tumors%20from%20BRCA%20Mutation%20Carriers2009.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917312/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078634/

So when a virus opens up the DNA and modifies the telomeres does the cell view that as DNA damage?

Curcumin derivatives have been found to be specific inhibitors of DNA repair polymerase.
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/22183.pdf

Curcumin and cancer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26546056
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537958
 note that if you were healthy you might not want this because it inhibits DNA repair

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