Tuesday, October 17, 2017

T.gondii, the ER, and IFNgamma...puzzling out where this infection hides

T gondii moves into the host cell's cytosol

T.gondii triggers tlr-3 (the tlr of the cytosol)
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0088398

T.gondii triggers both IFN beta (of the cytosol) and IFN gamma of the ER
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20648178_Relationship_between_the_production_of_interferon-alphabeta_and_interferon-gamma_during_acute_toxoplasmosis

Image of t.gondii attaching to surface
http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/micro/75/1/mic-75-1-111.pdf?expires=1508334641&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=F3CF119D2ED7B806150A504A35E08BAD

TNF alpha and t.gondii (when it infects macrophages or other immune cells)
http://iai.asm.org/content/63/2/591.full.pdf

T.gondii  then attaches itself to the host's ER and mitochondria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9378762
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17300514

Disruption of the ER causes the IFNgamma

t. gondii and IFN gamma
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC356035/
http://iai.asm.org/content/75/10/4799.full

ifn gamma appears with T.cruzi
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118600

T.gondii infection somehow inhibits Th17?
http://iai.asm.org/content/80/4/1437.full

IFNgamma/il-18 impairs the Th17 response?

Here T gondii causes TGF beta to be increased
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8406801

which then increases Th17?

Does the high level of C4a help remind the immune system that it is dealing with a large infection not a viral infection?

mast cells are critcal against t.gondii
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25091816
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428784

C4a could be the cytokine for these mast cells?

C3a and C5a call mast cells
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/157/4/1693.short

C4a levels are high during t.gondii infections

there are 2 types of mast cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC323754/
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v12/n11/fig_tab/ni.2109_F2.html

the Chymase containing type is involved with t.gondii
http://www.jbc.org/content/285/49/38005.full

T.gondii infects the muscles (even the heart)
http://www.bio.unipd.it/bam/PDF/5-3/Lindsay2.pdf

chymase involves the inflammation of the vascular as well as the heart

Is it possible that C4a calls a specific mast cell?

C4a and il-1 beta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20433584

il-1 beta, mast cells, and th17
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799306

















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