Thursday, September 28, 2017

Reviewing TLRs (the immune system's butterfly nets catching general groups of items in a region)


B cells' TLRs
Infections outside of the cell: TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6
Infections inside the mitochondria and nucleus: TLR7, TLR9  (exposed by TH17)


Macrophages and Dendritic TLRs
Infections outside of the cell: TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6
Infections inside the cytosol and ER:  TLR3, TLR8

Notes:

B cells can't handle bringing RNA viruses in?

TLR4 are low on B cells because they bind to the complex sugars of large complex  infections like gram negative E.coli which has an elaborately covered surface that the antibodies can't bind well and mycobacterias which so large they need to be broken down by the alternative method with the help of macrophages or dentritic cells.

Tyrosine Kinases

First the TAMs (receptor tyrosine kinases)

cytosol  TLR3  IFNbeta  HLA-DQ  Tyro3

ER         TLR8 IFNgamma  HLA-C AXL

Mito       TLR9 IFN alpha   HLA-B  MER

Nucleus   TLR7 IFN alpha  HLA-A   MER


Next SRCs and JAKs (non receptor tyrosine kinases)

TLR -Lyn/Fyn - IFN- JAK- HLAi- Lck/Fyn- TAM

Notes:

Jak is the Janus kinase named for the roman 2 faced god because it has 2 phosphate transferring domains.  Jak appears to be the tyrosine kinase of choice for massive production. (calls for the production of HLAs which can more specifically identify the infection than the TLR )

BCR is B cell receptor containing  the Ig alpha and Ig beta on the surface of the B cell where it binds antigens

BCR with antigen - Lyn/Fyn/Blk- Antibody

HLA-DR- Blk/ Fyn- increases BCR?

Note that B cell's CD22 inhibits BCR  by binding to the CD45RO of T cells in it's place favoring the Tcell's viral pathway

B cells are educated to identify infections outside of cells while T cells are educated to recognize infections inside of cells.

So BCR is used for favoring antibodies for large infections or cytosol infections and it is blocked during most other viral infections?

HLA-DR on B cells causes SKY and the production of more IgM
http://www.jbc.org/content/275/45/34998.full

SRCs 

Membrane binding
c-src
fyn
yes
lck
lyn
hcr
fgr
blk
yrk

Cytoplasmic
syk
btk

There are 5 or 6 isoforms of CD45 on Tcells which makes me wonder
why

CD45 isoforms
https://www.bio-rad-antibodies.com/cd45-characterization-isoforms-structure-function-antibodies-minireview.html

Is it based on the type of infection?

EBV and CD45RO (EBV is a nuclear virus)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1370260

previously the high and low MW CD45 link T cells to Bcells
https://www.nature.com/icb/journal/v75/n5/pdf/icb199768a.pdf

Naive virgin T cells have the high mw form CD45RA
CD45RA associate with the B cell antigen receptor. BCR...large infections

Memory T cells have the low WM form CD45RO
CD45RO associate with the B cell CD22....viral infections

CD45RB  secretes a high amount of TNF alpha...calls NK cells

TLR3 and TLR4 involve CD45

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18523265














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