Saturday, August 4, 2018

il-21 and CD8 cells : nuclear and mitochondrial viruses

il-21 and CD8 cells

il-21 increases the cytotoxicity of CD8 cells

il-21 review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17953510?sso-checked=true&dopt=Abstract

il-21 triggers the Th17 cells
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/120/19/3925?sso-checked=true

Th17 are needed to pop the nuclear and mitochondrial membranes.

Hypothesis: both il-21 and TGF-B1 trigger the popping of these membranes.
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2018/01/th17-cells-second-popping-cytokines-il.html

the il-21 is needed from cd4 cells for the cd8 cells to fight nuclear viruses
http://jvi.asm.org/content/85/2/733.abstract

TLR7/9 triggering releases either TGF-b1 or IFNalpha

TGF-b1 causes a burst of TGF-b1 from platelets

The dendritic cells or macrophages where the "MET"hands allowing them to digest virally infected cells and present to CD8 cells

The CD8 cells that are antigen exposed either move to the B zone to become follicular helper like and create with the B cells IgG3 or they become CTL cells.

The IFN alpha primes the cd8 cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925929

CD4 cells secrete il-21
http://jvi.asm.org/content/85/2/733.abstract (repeat)

The il-21 differentiates the CTL
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479229

Note that this type of il-21 CTL uses the MHC1 mailbox while the il-2 CTL uses FASL.

il-2 produced by TH1 cells during a cytosolic infection and MHC2 mailboxes are used.






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