Pondering possibilities: Hypothesis that Tgamma delta cells function like B cells.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893649/
review evolution
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466157/
somatic hypermutation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24836674
sharks gammaTCR and somatic hypermutation
https://vetmed.tamu.edu/files/vetmed/comparative-immunogenetics/criscitiello-2014-shark-igl.pdf
"With regard to CDR3 length, the γδ TCR resembles the BCR more than αβ TCR."
Using T gamma delta TCR against cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716630/
Where are these cells educated if they behave like B cells?
localized to the spleen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC502497/
What are they educated for? lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886290/
5-12https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-287-442
When I first wrote this it was my hypothesis I thought I was original but looking at these papers I realize these researchers probably already know.
Which dendritic cells present to gamma delta T cells?
monocyte derived dendritic cells and gamma delta T cells
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS098747-02
Gamma delta T cells and dendritic cells are interacting
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045144
mD and pD with gamma delta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710464
viruses and lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187601/
west nile and gamma delta t cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3798903/
presentation of lipid antigens by CD1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096567/
CD1 and dendritic cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12391186
gamma delta cells use cd1 to look at lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383740/
CD1 on dendritic cells and malaria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2196072/
CD1 and mycobacteria lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25703557
NKT cells express a special TCR that recognizes lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374463
nkt il-10, T gamma delta cd1.d (Vgamma 4)
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-8-32
subset of nkt wear the gamma delta where as the rest wear the normal TCR
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592065
NKT and B cells with memory of lipid antigens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581354
Does T gamma delta get exposed to il-4 and il-21 just like B cells then make those IgG-like antibodies?
il-21 and T gamma delta
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405033/
il-4 inhibits activation but causes proliferation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786628/
which is similar to B cells with il-4 has proliferation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783602
B cells with il-21 differentiate
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822601/
cd1.b the largest lipid antigen binding groove
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161589018308290
Thoughts:
cd1.a gets antigen at cell surface (langerhans/ marginial zone B) parasitic cytosol infection or outside cell
cd1.d gets the antigen in early endosomes (dendritic ) viral infection mitochondria or nucleus
cd1.c and cd1.b get the antigen in late endosomes / lysosomes (bacterias that can move inside typically in vacuoles)
note that cd1.c or cd1.b bind LPS (bacteria lipid) and that cd1.c T gamma cells produce il-17
mycobacteria and Langerhans with cd1.a
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26639680
Plasmatoid dendritic , cd1.d, and invariant NKT (pD are linked to viral infects of mito or nucleus)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16818759
cdl.b / cdl.c and LPS
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6150-4-47
TLR3 and TLR4 induce Tgamma delta to produce ifngamma (not tlr2)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710464
NKT cells express a special TCR that recognizes lipids
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374463
cd1.c T gamma delta cells produce il-17
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/early/2016/01/09/jimmunol.1502202.full.pdf
which make sense this TH17 hypothesis where the TH17 cells pop vacuoles with their cytokines
il-17 is also made with cd1.d present where inkt make it
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005752/
but perhaps in this case it is the virus coxsackie which is known to trigger type 1 diabetes and infects the nucleus that must be "popped"
Does CD137 function as ICOS does ? Tgd and nkt equals B and T cells but for lipids?
costimulates NKT: TCR engagement makes cd137 appear
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250411
T gamma delta and NK cells interacting through cd137
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=20519625
CD1.a on langerhans and mzBcells
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