Is bipolar disorder an autoimmune disorder of the anterior cingulate?

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

Is bipolar autoimmune? This paper suggests it might be.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557044

If autoimmune cross-targeting is occurring in bipolar then is the target the anterior cingulate with CMV marking the inside the a larger infection like mycobacteria or t.gondii marking the outside? T.gondii causing type 1 bipolar. Mycobacterias causing type 2 bipolar.

Anterior cingulate is the region of the brain which communicates the frontal lobe and the amgydala. In a way it dampens the reactions and gives the lobe time to think about how to respond
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex

anterior cingulate and bipoar
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17924244
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407272
http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(04)00767-X/abstract

Here is an image of CMV in the brain
http://www.neurology.org/content/70/1/84.full.pdf
which show the lateral ventricles are infected but if the infection also involves the anterior cingulate i can't tell

CMV and bipolar
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444593/
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2015/939780/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24083998
http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/infectious-agents-schizophrenia-and-bipolar-disorder
http://platform.wotmed.com/WotmedNews/news/cytomegalovirus-antibody-elevation-in-bipolar-disorder-relation-to-elevated-mood-states


Bipolar 1 is manic depressive.  Bipolar 2 has less up mania and more depression.

Bipolar 1 : CMV and t.gondii?

bipolar 1 , alcohol use, anxiety
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16669730
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199243

t.gondii, anxiety, bipolar 1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24102676
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25185399
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325983

Bipolar 2: CMV and other bacterial or mycobacteria infections?

Psoriasis and bipolar...(mycobacterias)
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/718347

Parkinson's and bipolar (mycobacteria)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162696

tourettes and type 2 bipolar (strep or mycobacteria?)
http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/jnp.23.1.jnpe26

metabolic syndrome in bipolar
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287788

Mycobacteria's quorum is cGMP which links it to type 2 diabetes and fatty acid liver disease
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2015/12/mycobacterias-possible-connection-to.html 
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-conundrum-of-high-cholesterol-type2.html

Testosterone levels can also become lower with this condition
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23797822?dopt=Abstract&holding=f1000,f1000m,isrctn

Do flaviviruses infect using Melanocortin Receptors ?

Do flaviviruses infect using melanocortin receptors ? I ask based on infection patterns.

Melancortin receptors are in the kidney and the nervous system
http://www.alomone.com/Article.aspx?Item=1186

West nile and kidney disease
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/NKF/38283

Dengue and kidney disease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999585/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24772398

Yellow fever
obviously this infects the liver making one look yellow but does it infect the kidney?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23648410  is the virus in the kidney?

There are melancortin receptors in the liver but according to this most are in the brain
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312751/

ACTH specifically is a melancortin receptor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTH_receptor

The main areas of melancortin receptors include the substantia nigra (so this virus could trigger parkinson's)
https://books.google.com/books?id=gR73BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=substantia+nigra+melanocortin+receptors&source=bl&ots=yCqWD0krtK&sig=d5HR54afH7VxwpXImCt00Ry-UW0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAmoVChMIr8DCqsaFxwIVURWSCh0fVQKF#v=onepage&q=substantia%20nigra%20melanocortin%20receptors&f=false


Melancortin receptors are on prostate cells
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842514

Melancortin receptors are in the skin meloanocytes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26197705

Parkinson's and the viruses that could cause cross-targeting

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

Assuming that a mycobacteria or norcardia like infection has already marked the outside of the cell only one virus is then needed to mark the inside of the substantia nigra.

the flu virus and parkinson's has gotten the most attention (uses dopamine receptors)
https://www.michaeljfox.org/foundation/grant-detail.php?grant_id=500

Flaviviruses use melanocortin receptors and can infect the substantia nigra too.

yellow fever and parkinson's

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19810325&id=5C0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uGQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1174,5236962&hl=en

west nile and parkinson's
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/01/health/west-nile-symptoms-found-to-be-deceiving.html

Dengue virus and parkinson's
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/13/179

Hepatitis C and parkinson's
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/856410

My older post about parkinson's
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2015/05/parkinsons-triggers-and-autoimmune.html

Is the dengue autoimmune reaction caused by cross-targeting?

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

Dengue virus and autoimmune disease reaction:  hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817755

Dengue is in the family of viruses Flaviviridae  like west nile and yellow fever
25% of cases become autoimmune
http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/211

the dengue virus and yellow fever virus infects dendritic cells
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21894381

west nile and dendritic cells
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/1_Supplement/54.27

when they looked for viruses in their dendritic cells they found mycoplasma contamination
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016524780700079X

Dendritic cells are already known to be a target in Rheumatic disease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405176

I have previously already linked mycoplasmas with rheumatic disease

Could mycoplasmas coat the outside of dendritic cells? Are the people who have the severe reaction to dengue infected with mycoplasmas?

Celiac disease and cross-targeting triggering autoimmunity

Autoimmune Hypothesis:
Cross-targeting of the immune system by a viral infection marking the inside of a host cell and second infection marking the outside of the host cell causes autoimmune disease where the organ is attacked.  In the case of Celiac disease: Antibodies against e.coli mark the outside of the intestine then an intestinal virus (adenovirus or hepatitis) infection marks the inside of the intestinal cells.

Dermatitis Herpetiformis has been correlated with Celiac.  25% of patients with Celiac disease have  HD.
http://celiac.nih.gov/Dermatitis.aspx

E.coli causes small intestine infections
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/smallbowelEcoli.html

 The e.coli of bladder infections is the same e.coli of skin infections 
http://jcm.asm.org/content/47/6/1811

 Bladder Infections and celiac disease in children
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1511510/

Celiac viral infections: hepatitis and adenoviruses (mono)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997208002012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25212692
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492610
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982094

Celiac disease found in hepatitis patients
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15645466

89% of celiacs had antibodies suggesting previous adenovirus infection
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1433141/

Hepatitis C and celiac
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21180248

hepatitis C can infect the intestine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302945

Hepatitis A in liver and intestine of marmosets
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC550891/

C.jejuni and celiac
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657967/
can this replace the e.coli?

Internal shakes, nerves, and estrogen levels

Estrogen and nerves: Nerves have a beta estrogen receptor that cycles to the mitochondria
This would indicate that estrogen is involved with nerve function.

could women experiencing internal shakes be low on estrogen?

estrogen receptor-beta is relocated to the mitochondria
http://www.pnas.org/content/101/12/4130.full.pdf
http://www.jbc.org/content/284/14/9540.full

estrogen receptor-beta is primarily in the CNS
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9419830

estrogen and idopathic parkinson's (looks like parkinson's)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23931933

replacing estrogen improves parkinson's in women
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21824799

Estrogen can decrease amyloid deposits
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206683

This makes sense if estrogen effects the mitochondria and encourages it to move.  Amyloid plaques like what we see in Alzheimer's and I have hypothesized to be a sign of mitochondrial damage and lack of mitochondrial movement down the nerves' axial. (see my alzheimer's posts)

too high of an estrogen exposure results in migraine
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/estrogen-associated-migraine
Teenagers as they get their growth spurts tend to develop this.

For women with estrogen levels that are too low could simple grapefruit juice remedy the situation by blocking the breakdown of estrogen and keeping natural estrogen higher for longer?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859031

Further estrogen replacement therapy improves sleep so levels
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609575
Do estrogen levels typically drop for sleep?

Looking at the areas of overlap between Alzheimer's and RA

I am looking at the dementia of the frontal lobe because RA has antibodies that are targeted there. Previously, I suggested that RA was an autoimmune disease triggered by the cross-targeting of epstein barr and mycoplasmas.  If the blood brain barrier breaks down and these infections get into the brain could this explain frontal lobe dementia? I can imagine 3 scenarios: the herpes virus causing classic alzheimer's damage of the neuron's mitochondria,  an autoimmune cross-targeting inflammation of the frontal lobe, and the vascular issues caused by the mycoplasmas.

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

It is going to take some time to figure out what is exactly going on.  Epstein barr is HHV6 which is a type of herpes virus.

For RA cross-targeting I had epstein barr or hepatitis on the inside then mycoplasmas on the outside of host tissue. (link to older post is at the bottom)

Alzheimer dementia vs non alzeimer's?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9681642

Early onset Alzheimer's has apraxia and language problems
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061618/

apraxia involves the frontal lobe

Alzheimer's and RA : the confusing relationship
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23272690

Epstein barr virus and alzheimer's
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23916950

The question is....does epstein barr infect the frontal lobe or do we need to wait for a flu virus? If we say that RA is cross-targeting of epstein barr and mycoplasmas could the frontal lobe autoimmunity be the flu and mycoplasmas or is it still epstein barr?

Frontal lobe and the flu virus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788752
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711342

Frontal lobe dementia: semantic type and herpes virus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251241

Frontal lobe infection by mycoplasma
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3873169/

mycoplasmas and vascular disease in turkeys
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433539/

Epstein barr and rheumatoid arthritis
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1526553/

mycoplasmas and rheumatoid
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1006269/?page=1

10% of dyslexics had rheumatoid arthritis
http://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/18/science/researchers-find-gene-that-may-link-dyslexia-with-immune-disorders.html

dyslexia and the frontal lobe
http://www.ldonline.org/article/14907/

attentional dyslexia and alzheimer's
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026432996382006#.VawTuK6UzGc

Is there an overlap of dyslexia and apraxia?

Lupus vs MS....it's more of a vascular disease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572265/

mycoplasmas and vascular growth factor
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3283799/

vascular growth factor and fatty acids
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23455771

vascular dementia (not alzheimer's)
http://www.helpguide.org/articles/alzheimers-dementia/vascular-dementia.htm
not all vascular dementia will be linked here

pediatric encephalitis and mycoplasmas
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/566304

unusual in adults?

Corticosteroids used against mycoplasmas for encephalitis
http://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-pediatric-infectious-diseases/jpi00315

high dose steroids aid in mycoplasma recovery
http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/Pneumonia/11340

my previous posts on RA cross-targeting
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2014/11/autoimmune-cross-targeting-could-cause.html

My previous post about autism where the child is born with autism.  RA and the Flu increases the chances a child is born with autism. This is not the regressive form of autism. Is this autism caused by autoimmunity cross-targeting of the frontal lobe in a developing baby while the woman is pregnant?
http://angelabiggs.blogspot.com/2015/02/maternal-antibodies-causes-one-form-of.html

Enteroviruses and acetylcholine receptors? Guillain Barre and autoimmune cross-targeting?

Enteroviruses...are they like the rabies virus? They are different virus families but the pattern of infection seems similar.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the rabies virus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8887475

Acute flaccid paralysis involving acetylcholine involves polio, rabies, and botulism toxins.
It seems likely that enteroviruses like d68 and polio use acetylcholine receptors.

enterovirus are known to bind scarb2...what is this receptor?
http://www.nature.com/emi/journal/v3/n7/full/emi201449a.html

Are Scarb 2 acetylcholine receptors?
http://www.caltagmedsystems.co.uk/pricing_ordering/product_detail.php?CI_ID=657118
Can anyone clarify this for me?

There are 2 types of acetylcholine receptors
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2005_11/Page2.htm
Muscarinic are in smooth muscles and peripheral nervous system for slow signal.
Nicotine acetylcholine are between neurons and several types in the brain for fast signals.

Looking at known binding receptors:  Immunoglobulin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5817
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633445/

The Nicotine acetylcholine structure has immunoglobulin like topology
http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/abs/nrn731.html
Does this mean that enterovirus might bind both?

Guillain Barre antibodies interact with the nicotine antibodies
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12661044
Why would the immune system make antibodies against it? does the virus bind here?

Guillain Barre and acute flaccid where polio virus was confirmed through stool
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17867475

Guillain barre as a cross-targeting autoimmune disease would be an enterovirus and the Campylobacteria simultaneously infecting the nerves?

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target at the same time.

Guillain barre and Campylobacteria
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC128258
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23514735
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23528202

Is Halothane Hepatitis caused by cross-targeting autoimmunity?

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The larger infections attack is stopped with IgG4 (anti-insulin) so the body can focus on the smaller infection inside.

Does the anesthetic Halothane replace the need for a virus in the cross-targeting scenario ? Existing as a foreign object inside host cells and seen by the immune system as "not myself" and triggering autoimmunity when a larger infection like e.coli has already targeted the outside.

Halothane hepatitis
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7066130
Note that the child later went on to develop type 1 diabetes.

Halothane hepatitis is more commonly seen with patients with other autoimmune diseases: like
celiac disease and  type 1 diabetes.

In general autoimmune hepatitis is seen more often in celiac disease patients.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23403438

If an infection like e.coli is the culprit in the bladder infections, celiac disease, and type one diabetes group does it also involve the liver for Hepatitis?  E.coli when it breaks down red blood cells it makes bilirubin. The liver when it breaks down red blood cells makes bilirubin. It would be interesting to know if e.coli infects liver tissue or if antibodies against bilirubin are involved with autoimmune liver disease.

E.coli and Celiac
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/10/175

E.coli does appear to infect the liver on occasion
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437317

Hepatitis and anesthetics
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3686821

The case files of anyone reacting to halothane should be examined for these possible links.

Updated may 2018 with IgG4 sentence

Agent orange, the mitochondria, and autoimmune disease?

Agent orange contains 2 herbicides. It was meant to defoliate the leaves of the plants in the area. What the military did not realize was that people would have their nerves absorb the stuff. There seems to be 2 diseases.  The direct damage to the nerves and the the possible triggering of autoimmune diseases of the nerves.


2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid :  is a form of auxin (synthetic plant hormone) which gets inside of roots and nerves and is then absorbed by the mitochondria.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid : another form auxin

Amyloidosis is the high with Agent orange patients
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24906069

We see this amyloid with most mitochondrial diseases. The diacytl of popcorn worker's lungs and alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's which appears in down syndrome mothers more often and has also been associated with herpes viral infections....suggestive of mitochondrial disfunction to me.

Auxin, this agent orange chemical, is involved in the growth inhibition and mitochondrial signalling (chloroplasts)http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/165/3/1233.full

Auxins bind the mitochondria directly causing disfunction
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566291

Previously on this blog the app protein was suggested to be a growth serine protease involved with neuron growth and that the build up of amyloid was a sign of mitochondrial dysfunction (the nerve tip is calling the mitochondria over and over but it isn't coming down the nerve) It is suggestive that auxin has associations with amyloidosis because of an interaction with human mitochondria.

 Destroying the mitochondrias of nerves explains how it destroys the nerves of the legs. (assuming troops walked through it)

How would agent orange also trigger autoimmune disease? 

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

IF a person already had a larger infection marking the outside of nerve cells then the agent orange auxin stuff would mark the inside replacing the viral infection. (larger infection like staph or mycobacterias that like the shealth of nerves)

This could explain why some people developed MS on top of the horrible nerve damage.
http://forums.webmd.com/3/multiple-sclerosis-exchange/forum/5354

PCBs and Hashimoto's thyroid

Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis: a virus marks the inside of a cell while a larger infection marks the outside and the combination triggers autoimmune disease.  The immune system is instructed to destroy both the inside and the outside of the target.

PCBs disrupt thyroid cells by binding extra cellular transport proteins
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1257681/

It is already accepted that the PCB chemical causes disease through the disruption of thyroid hormone but how does it trigger autoimmune disease?

Could this PCB replace the larger infection, like fungal infections, in the cross-targeting hypothesis scenario? By binding to the outside of the thyroid?

Does PCB find tyroxine-binding globulin transporting the thyroid hormone out of thyroid cells and bind them up?

If this is the case then a virus is still needed to mark the inside of thyroid cells in order for Hashimoto's to be triggered.

Viral infections have been associated with Hashimoto's
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625285

Do herpes viruses use estrogen receptors to infect cells?

Herpes viruses infects the mitochondria of nerves and estrogen organs.  It is now know that nerves have a special beta-estrogen receptor which cycles to the the mitochondria of nerves. Does this explain why the hereps virus can hide in the the mitochondria of nerves?

estrogen and herpes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19846508
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798450/

estrogen receptor-beta is relocated to the mitochondria
http://www.pnas.org/content/101/12/4130.full.pdf
http://www.jbc.org/content/284/14/9540.full

estrogen receptor-beta is primarily in the CNS
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9419830

reactivation of herpes is estrogen receptor dependent
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798450/

https://books.google.com/books?id=6hU_rtHBxLsC&pg=PT81&lpg=PT81&dq=estrogen+herpes+receptor&source=bl&ots=77CxPhSUdL&sig=9qXhgZuljNlO_XY1UhjC7ng_ClE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uB-LVZyBJ8fYoASImrfwAg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=estrogen%20herpes%20receptor&f=false

Does the herpes virus use the estrogen receptor?
it does infect estrogen receptor organs not just nerves...yes
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01310768#page-1

mitochondria, estrogen, and nerves
http://pharmweb.usc.edu/brinton-lab/documents/2004/NilsenJ_CurDrugTarg3_2004.pdf

Other things to consider:

Herpes uses multiple things including TNF receptor is this similar to the estrogen receptor?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056211

TNF alpha activation causes the "release of mitochondria"
http://www.nature.com/cddis/journal/v5/n7/full/cddis2014277a.html