Thursday, February 22, 2018

24 Medical Hypotheses

1. Allergy hypothesis: Allergies reveal the infections we have.  Severe allergies and infections can be matched up: peanut and Staph, bee and T.gondii, daisy and Clostridium, poison ivy and spirochetes. If an infection can be killed by a compound or inhibited by the compound our immune system sees the interaction and we associate all the compounds present with the infection.  If an infection makes a pigment from a compound we will react to that too.  For example aflatoxin with peanuts could cause staph to counter respond.  Our immune system would identify everything there at the scene of the crime as part of the infection.

2. Quorum hypothesis: Infections talk using quorums and these quorums interfere with our body's pathways. ( for example mycobacteria's cGMP causes such things as type 2  diabetes, high cholesterol, and synuclein bodies)

3.. Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis:  The Cross-targeting of simultaneous infections on one tissue, one infection inside and one infections outside, triggers autoimmunity.  Antibodies or chemicals/drugs can replace one of the infections.  By antibodies I mean even those triggered by vaccines.  For example a flu virus inside of the pancreas and e.coli latching on to the outside could trigger type one diabetes.

4. Co-carcinogenesis: a virus and a carcinogen together cause cancer. Taking Francis Peyton Rous’ hypothesis further, the carcinogen is a polymerase inhibitor which binds the viral polymerase with higher affinity. Thus the DNA methylation state has been changed but the virus is no longer viable.  DNA damage does not cause most cancers, the interaction of carcinogens and viruses do.  Further these cancers wear the receptors that the virus that triggered it used to enter and the characteristics of the cancer will be from the receptor's pathways.

5. Barrier crossing infections are ones that can cross the intestine or the blood brain barrier causing gluten sensitivity with the hole they leave behind. This explains the gluten sensitivity of Schizophernia from T.gondii, Celiac disease from e.coli, Tourettes from staph, and crohn’s from mycobacteria.

6. Viral families use receptor families. Influenzas use dopamine receptors. HPVs use Cannabinoid receptors. Herpes viruses use estrogen and estrogen-like receptors. Flaviviruses use melanocortin receptors. Polyomaviruses use serotonin receptors.

7. Aflatoxin like compounds cause tau bodies.  ALS and picks disease are caused by different infections but both have tau.  Both infections secrete an aflatoxin like compound.  Vitamin D is protective against it because aflatoxin uses the vit D receptor.

8. Pituitary tumors are caused by an infection releasing butyrolactones which interfere with normal GABA signals and cause the immune system to confuse nerves with the infection. (or someone taking too many GHB sleeping pills)

9.  The receptors used by a virus when triggering autoimmunity cause pathways to be activated which makes the various types of one autoimmune disease.  There are 3 types of schizophrenia which match up with the 3 receptors use by the 3 herpes viruses. (sort of a continuation of 6)

The receptor pathway triggered by a virus involved in an autoimmune disease can cause symptoms of the disease that will be distinct. Example:  The 3 types of schizophrenia has all 3 herpes virus families and each receptor activated can be matched to symptoms.  Estrogen-related receptor and disorganized symptoms for example.  3 receptors used equals 3 types of schizophrenia

10. Alzheimer's disease is caused by damage to the mitochondria: alpha-herpes family, diacetyl, inherited and linked to down syndrome, or radiation damaged mitochondria.

11. Postural orthostatic tachycardia could be caused by reoviruses and the adrenergic receptors they bind.

12.  The HLAs are mailboxes for T cells from different areas of the cell. HLA-A is the nuclear mailbox. HLA-B is the mitochondria's mailbox. HLA-C is the endoplasmic reticulum's mailbox. HLA-DR is the cytosol's mailbox for RNA viruses. 

HLA-DQ is the cytosol's mailbox for non-encapsulated viruses there. HLA-DP is the plasama membrane mailbox?

The TLR 7 / 9 butterfly nets for DNA in the mitochondria and nucleus trigger TGF-B1 which causes B cells to express MHC1 which are the HLA-A and HLA-B.


13. Carcinogens use certain receptors to get into cells which matches them up with specific cancers.

14. TLRs, toll like receptors, are the innane immune system of nets catching conserved molecules in a non specific way but identifying the region as well as general type of infection. Like HLAs they exist in the different areas of the cell.  When the internal viral seeking TLRs are activated the IFN matches the region they are in thus the appropriate HLA is produced helping to find the exact culprit.

15. TLRs send IFNs which tells infected cells to express the corresponding HLAs and macrophages to wear the corresponding TAMs (hands to grab infected cells) TAMS: tyro T , axl A , mer M

Golgi           TLR3      IFN lamda   HLA-D               Tyro3
Nucleus/ Mito    TLR7/9   IFNalpha    HLA-A HLA-B   Mer
Endoplasmic R   TLR 8     IFNgamma HLA-C                 Axl

( Cytosol       TLR4    IFNbeta which is not an endosome tlr and carried out by Fibroblasts for bacterial infections that enter host cells )

  Because an infected ER means little gets to the surface of a host cell the Natural killer cells step in here and secrete IFNgamma. (note that low levels of IFN gamma is secreted to favor MHC2)

Cytosolic viruses go through the golgi before exiting which is why they trigger TLR3.

16. Nuclear viruses awaken embryonic Hervs.  They do so by methylating or demethylating DNA.  If the virus family demethylates the cancer will be aggressive while the methylating viruses are slow growing.  (Cancer occurs when a carcinogen inhibits the viral polymerase..so the virus opens the DNA up but can't use it)

17. Bacterial infections will hide inside of host cells like viruses. Hypothesis:  Like the IFN cytokines there should be cytokines that signify where in the host cell they are hiding.  Mycoplasmas nest inside the ER, chlamydia hide in vacuoles, salmonella hide in the golgi, and mycobacteria sit in the cytosol.   The cytokines seem to match up the features of an infection family with where they hide inside.  

For example infections that use modulins tend to move into vacuoles when infecting the host so TLR2 triggers il-23 which then (in hypothesis 20) triggers TGF3 which repairs vacuoles.

18. Could there be 4 different types of asthma caused by different infections which could be diagnosed using cytokine patterns and the allergies present in the host.

19.  The problem concerning autism and vaccines could be solved if autism is viewed as an autoimmune disease.  The autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis when applied to autism reveals there could be 3 different types of autism:

Group Flu and RA : frontal lobe autism
Group DTP (tetanus) and HHV6 : temporal lobe autism
Group MMR and sutterella/ campylobacteria: cerebellum autism

Two of these have been linked to vaccines the MMR and the DTP.

Combining the notion that viruses use receptors to enter cells with the notion that "parts" of a virus can set off autoimmunity on the tissue one can only conclude that what is contaminating vaccines setting off autoimmunity are the tiny pieces the virus uses to bind the receptors.  Running vaccine solutions through binding columns of the receptors could "clean " the vaccine of the one piece that triggers the autoimmunity.

20. TGF-Beta has been linked to both embryogenesis and cancer as well as the immune system.  The area an infection could be damaging causes a specific TGF-B to repair the area. First the TLR butterfly net is triggered by the infection.

TLR9 or TLR7 trigger TGF-B1 which stimulates the mitochondria to grow and smad to the nucleus for DNA repair.

 TLR2 triggers TGF-b3 because the infections that use vacuoles tend to be the same ones that use modulins, 

TLR-6 which binds lipoproteins found on gram positive bacteria and mycobacterias which divide in the cytosol triggers TGF-b2 which encourages Tcells to check the cytosol of cells,

 finally TL3 of the golgi triggers TGf-B4.  TGF-B4 stimulates growth of the golgi.

21. T h17 cells are involved in second pops.  When does this happen? When large infections move inside of host cells or viral infections are hiding inside of the mitochondria or nucleus. When the viruses are not visible in the cytosol or ER which would be visible when the host cell is popped. Thus a "second popping" must occur.

il-6 and il-23 trigger Th17 to release il-22

note that il-6 is a "reset all in immune respose where phagocytes and TH1 are triggered"and il-23 are released by phagocytes when they can't find the infection they are looking for

il-21 and TGF-b1 trigger the release of il-26 and il19

note that TLR7/9 release TGF-b1 and Tcells release il-21 when activated

22. The type of Lambda IFN matches up with the type of virus going through the golgi. (looks like all viruses go through the golgi before exiting even when they start in different areas)

IFN lambda1 Nuclear virus
IFN lambda2 Mitochondrial virus
IFN lambda 3 cytosolic virus

23. Hypothesis: the TNF family is involved with infections of the immune system itself.  Bcells wear TNF-beta(lymphotoxin-alpha) and secrete it at the peyer patches interacting with FDC. This can be seen with viral infections that invade Bcells.  Macrophages wear TNF-c (lymphotoxin-beta)when they are infected with bacterias.  Macrophages (and other APC) secrete TNF-alpha when infected with either a virus or a bacteria. They key here is that TNF-c receptors on Mast cells switch the focus of the mast cell.  They normally secrete cytokines geared at viruses but after lymphotoxin-beta receptor activation they secrete il-6, il-4, and TNF-alpha.

24. The il-20 family of cytokines are H+ pores leaking the H+ our of their assigned membranes

il-20 plasma membrane
il-22 vacuoles
il-24 golgi
il-26 nuclear membrane
il-19 mitochondria

These are used by Th17 to pop membranes.  The il-20 cytokines could also used for differentiation for example il-19 converting Th1 to Th2.

Monday, February 19, 2018

Is il-24 a pore for the golgi?

Does il-24 form a pore like il-26, il-22, and il-19?

il-24 does have the long chain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1782067/

il-26  the nuclear pore
il-22 the vacuoles pore
il-19 the mitochondria and nucleus pores

Is il-24 the pore for the golgi?

il-24 is localized to the golgi
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/9/2988.long

il-24 and salmonella while stimulating neutrophils
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830736

salmonella infects the golgi
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC204495/

tlr3 and il-24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449395
https://www.nature.com/articles/cdd201315?WT.ec_id=CDD-201306

(previous hypothesis linked tlr3 to the golgi)

il-24 and mycobacteria

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679252/

do mycobacteria hang out in the golgi?

TLR3 and mycobacteria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24462705

What about il-24 and it's ability to stop cancer? How is it functioning here? Leaking the golgi?

golgi and lung cancer
https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/targeting-golgi-apparatus-may-help-prevent-lung-cancer-metastasis/81253458

il-24 and lung cancer
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122439

golgi and certain cancers
http://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/pdf/S1535-6108(16)30047-2.pdf


Saturday, February 17, 2018

il-19 is a mitochondrial pore, il-26 is a nuclear pore, so is il-22 a pore too but against vacuoles?

The long chains of the il-20 family:
il-19
il-22
il-26
il-24

il-26 a cytokine that forms a nuclear pore when bound by DNA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919036/
il-19 expressed under these conditions:

1. changing the membrane potential of developing Thelper cells so that they become TH2 cells
2. to pop mitochondria's with viral infections under TH17 conditions

il-19 and TH2 cytokines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28597022

oxphos and TH1-TH2
https://books.google.com/books?id=R4HMK8uI4NIC&pg=PA640&lpg=PA640&dq=th2+mitochondria&source=bl&ots=YelNp0eV-x&sig=RWKWffoKznEwcI7brFkBHdewt2A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj_a3Cj67ZAhVX0mMKHRidAAoQ6AEIbDAI#v=onepage&q=th2%20mitochondria&f=false

il-19 increases macrophage polarization (m2)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447484/

some how leaking protons increases ox phos?

il-17a and il-4 synergism to increase il-19
http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)00759-8/pdf

il-19 and TNF alpha
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103848


Is il-22 a pore too but against vacuoles?

il-22 inhibited autophagy
http://www.ijbs.com/v08p0249.htm

autophagy is required for hyper mucus production
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26671423
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5044763/

il-17 increases mucus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006454/

autophagic vacuoles arise for mucus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1324248

Does il-17 and il-22 have opposite purposes? Does il-22 pop the vacuoles involved with mucus autophagy?  Does il-22 the vacuoles with bacterias in them?

il-22 and acetaminophen: longer exposure is damaging
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25063867

autophagy protects against acetaminophen induced liver damage
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21932416












Friday, February 16, 2018

TCR the T cell receptors and the T cell cytokines

Hypothesis: The area of the infection matches up with the cytokine proliferating the T cells and the TLR they end up expressing.

il-7 is expressed in the stroma of the bone marrow and thymus during T cell develpment

il-7 is necessary for the TCR development

At the thymus a generic TLR is placed on the proliferating T cells

il-2 is expressed by T cells when the TCR recognizes HLA-A or HLA-B which contain viral DNA from mitochondrial or nuclear infections.

il-15 is expressed by T cells when the TCR recognizes the HLA-D or HLA-C of viral infections of the cytosol, the ER, or bacteria.

The T cells proliferating under il-2 will have TCR that bind HLA-A/B even stronger. 

il-2 mito/nuclear virus
il-15 cyto/ER virus or bacteria
il-7 generic




Thursday, February 15, 2018

TLR4 of the Fibroblast vs. Epithelial

Looking at the non immune cells with TLR4

Fibroblasts connective tissue have TLR4 that when triggered creates il-12 which stimulates TH1 and low amounts of IFNgamma which trigger MHC2 expression of Bcells

Epithelial cells (skin) have TLR4 that when triggered creates il-18 that inc IFNgamma which stimulates NK cells

Now looking at areas of the body:

Uterus
thin epithelial coumn
thick connective tissue area
HIGH il-12
Chlamydia

Lung
25% connective tissue
75% epithelial tissue
HIGH il-18
Mycoplasma (ER infection)

Intestine
mucosal epithelium
lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
are they equal amounts?


Wednesday, February 14, 2018

Does the tlr2 heterodimer determine the cytokine?

il-20 with mycoplasma and il-23 with chlamydia both trigger tlr2

Possibly different cytokines because tlr2 heterodimers with tlr1 and tlr6

il-20 and RA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28662439

tlr2 and mycoplasmas
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0010739

Keratinocytes: tlr2 with il-20 and tlr3 with ifn lambda
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18281438

tlr2 and tlr6 with mycoplasma
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14706104

il-23 and tlr2
https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar3780

chlamydia triggers tlr1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266682/

Possible?

il-20 increases ifn gamma which could reflect a damaged ER which is where mycoplamsas nest

il-20 and ifn gamma
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645593

mycobacteria trigger tlr2 with 1/6,  tlr4, and tlr9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504976/

what are mycobacteria doing????  Mycobacterias move into host cells and sit in the cytosol but they must be disrupting the mitochondria.

tlr9 is the mitochondria dna net

mycobacteria cause cyto. c release from the mito and change it's morphology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14507307




Saturday, February 10, 2018

23 Medical Hypotheses

1. Allergy hypothesis: Allergies reveal the infections we have.  Severe allergies and infections can be matched up: peanut and Staph, bee and T.gondii, daisy and Clostridium, poison ivy and spirochetes. If an infection can be killed by a compound or inhibited by the compound our immune system sees the interaction and we associate all the compounds present with the infection.  If an infection makes a pigment from a compound we will react to that too.  For example aflatoxin with peanuts could cause staph to counter respond.  Our immune system would identify everything there at the scene of the crime as part of the infection.

2. Quorum hypothesis: Infections talk using quorums and these quorums interfere with our body's pathways. ( for example mycobacteria's cGMP causes such things as type 2  diabetes, high cholesterol, and synuclein bodies)

3.. Autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis:  The Cross-targeting of simultaneous infections on one tissue, one infection inside and one infections outside, triggers autoimmunity.  Antibodies or chemicals/drugs can replace one of the infections.  By antibodies I mean even those triggered by vaccines.  For example a flu virus inside of the pancreas and e.coli latching on to the outside could trigger type one diabetes.

4. Co-carcinogenesis: a virus and a carcinogen together cause cancer. Taking Francis Peyton Rous’ hypothesis further, the carcinogen is a polymerase inhibitor which binds the viral polymerase with higher affinity. Thus the DNA methylation state has been changed but the virus is no longer viable.  DNA damage does not cause most cancers, the interaction of carcinogens and viruses do.  Further these cancers wear the receptors that the virus that triggered it used to enter and the characteristics of the cancer will be from the receptor's pathways.

5. Barrier crossing infections are ones that can cross the intestine or the blood brain barrier causing gluten sensitivity with the hole they leave behind. This explains the gluten sensitivity of Schizophernia from T.gondii, Celiac disease from e.coli, Tourettes from staph, and crohn’s from mycobacteria.

6. Viral families use receptor families. Influenzas use dopamine receptors. HPVs use Cannabinoid receptors. Herpes viruses use estrogen and estrogen-like receptors. Flaviviruses use melanocortin receptors. Polyomaviruses use serotonin receptors.

7. Aflatoxin like compounds cause tau bodies.  ALS and picks disease are caused by different infections but both have tau.  Both infections secrete an aflatoxin like compound.  Vitamin D is protective against it because aflatoxin uses the vit D receptor.

8. Pituitary tumors are caused by an infection releasing butyrolactones which interfere with normal GABA signals and cause the immune system to confuse nerves with the infection. (or someone taking too many GHB sleeping pills)

9.  The receptors used by a virus when triggering autoimmunity cause pathways to be activated which makes the various types of one autoimmune disease.  There are 3 types of schizophrenia which match up with the 3 receptors use by the 3 herpes viruses. (sort of a continuation of 6)

The receptor pathway triggered by a virus involved in an autoimmune disease can cause symptoms of the disease that will be distinct. Example:  The 3 types of schizophrenia has all 3 herpes virus families and each receptor activated can be matched to symptoms.  Estrogen-related receptor and disorganized symptoms for example.  3 receptors used equals 3 types of schizophrenia

10. Alzheimer's disease is caused by damage to the mitochondria: alpha-herpes family, diacetyl, inherited and linked to down syndrome, or radiation damaged mitochondria.

11. Postural orthostatic tachycardia could be caused by reoviruses and the adrenergic receptors they bind.

12.  The HLAs are mailboxes for T cells from different areas of the cell. HLA-A is the nuclear mailbox. HLA-B is the mitochondria's mailbox. HLA-C is the endoplasmic reticulum's mailbox. HLA-DR is the cytosol's mailbox for RNA viruses. 

HLA-DQ is the cytosol's mailbox for non-encapsulated viruses there. HLA-DP is the plasama membrane mailbox?

The TLR 7 / 9 butterfly nets for DNA in the mitochondria and nucleus trigger TGF-B1 which causes B cells to express MHC1 which are the HLA-A and HLA-B.


13. Carcinogens use certain receptors to get into cells which matches them up with specific cancers.

14. TLRs, toll like receptors, are the innane immune system of nets catching conserved molecules in a non specific way but identifying the region as well as general type of infection. Like HLAs they exist in the different areas of the cell.  When the internal viral seeking TLRs are activated the IFN matches the region they are in thus the appropriate HLA is produced helping to find the exact culprit.

15. TLRs send IFNs which tells infected cells to express the corresponding HLAs and macrophages to wear the corresponding TAMs (hands to grab infected cells) TAMS: tyro T , axl A , mer M

Golgi           TLR3      IFN lamda   HLA-D               Tyro3
Nucleus/ Mito    TLR7/9   IFNalpha    HLA-A HLA-B   Mer
Endoplasmic R   TLR 8     IFNgamma HLA-C                 Axl

( Cytosol       TLR4    IFNbeta which is not an endosome tlr and carried out by Fibroblasts for bacterial infections that enter host cells )

  Because an infected ER means little gets to the surface of a host cell the Natural killer cells step in here and secrete IFNgamma. (note that low levels of IFN gamma is secreted to favor MHC2)

Cytosolic viruses go through the golgi before exiting which is why they trigger TLR3.

16. Nuclear viruses awaken embryonic Hervs.  They do so by methylating or demethylating DNA.  If the virus family demethylates the cancer will be aggressive while the methylating viruses are slow growing.  (Cancer occurs when a carcinogen inhibits the viral polymerase..so the virus opens the DNA up but can't use it)

17. Bacterial infections will hide inside of host cells like viruses. Hypothesis:  Like the IFN cytokines there should be cytokines that signify where in the host cell they are hiding.  Mycoplasmas nest inside the ER, chlamydia hide in vacuoles, salmonella hide in the golgi, and mycobacteria sit in the cytosol.   The cytokines seem to match up the features of an infection family with where they hide inside.  

For example infections that use modulins tend to move into vacuoles when infecting the host so TLR2 triggers il-23 which then (in hypothesis 20) triggers TGF3 which repairs vacuoles.

18. Could there be 4 different types of asthma caused by different infections which could be diagnosed using cytokine patterns and the allergies present in the host.

19.  The problem concerning autism and vaccines could be solved if autism is viewed as an autoimmune disease.  The autoimmune cross-targeting hypothesis when applied to autism reveals there could be 3 different types of autism:

Group Flu and RA : frontal lobe autism
Group DTP (tetanus) and HHV6 : temporal lobe autism
Group MMR and sutterella/ campylobacteria: cerebellum autism

Two of these have been linked to vaccines the MMR and the DTP.

Combining the notion that viruses use receptors to enter cells with the notion that "parts" of a virus can set off autoimmunity on the tissue one can only conclude that what is contaminating vaccines setting off autoimmunity are the tiny pieces the virus uses to bind the receptors.  Running vaccine solutions through binding columns of the receptors could "clean " the vaccine of the one piece that triggers the autoimmunity.

20. TGF-Beta has been linked to both embryogenesis and cancer as well as the immune system.  The area an infection could be damaging causes a specific TGF-B to repair the area. First the TLR butterfly net is triggered by the infection.

TLR9 or TLR7 trigger TGF-B1 which stimulates the mitochondria to grow and smad to the nucleus for DNA repair.

 TLR2 triggers TGF-b3 because the infections that use vacuoles tend to be the same ones that use modulins, 

TLR-6 which binds lipoproteins found on gram positive bacteria and mycobacterias which divide in the cytosol triggers TGF-b2 which encourages Tcells to check the cytosol of cells,

 finally TL3 of the golgi triggers TGf-B4.  TGF-B4 stimulates growth of the golgi.

21. T helper17 and Tc17 cells are involved in second pops.  When does this happen? When large infections move inside of host cells or viral infections are hiding inside of the mitochondria or nucleus. When the viruses are not visible in the cytosol or ER which would be visible when the host cell is popped. Thus a "second popping" must occur.

22. The type of Lambda IFN matches up with the type of virus going through the golgi. (looks like all viruses go through the golgi before exiting even when they start in different areas)

IFN lambda1 Nuclear virus
IFN lambda2 Mitochondrial virus
IFN lambda 3 cytosolic virus

 23. see newer post

Friday, February 9, 2018

Update on TLRs and IFNs : TLR4 triggers IFN beta for the cytosol infections while TLR3 triggers IFN lambda for the golgi seen infections


Five TLRs and viruses

Consider TLRs as the butterfly nets which identify infections non specifically

For infections that move inside the cell there are 5 TLRs

7 nucleus
8 ER
9 mitochondria
3 golgi
4 cytosol 

(note that tlr4 is not endosomal)

IFN 

Cytosol

TLR4 and IFN beta

TLR4 and Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts and IFN beta

Golgi

Dendritic cells and tlr3

TLR3 and IFN lambda

ER

Macrophages and TLR8

macrophages and IFN gamma

natural killer cells also produce IFN gamma
in response to no cell surface markers due to damaged  ER where no proteins make it to the surface

Nucleus and mitochondria

Bcells have tlr7 and tlr9

Bcells secrete TGF-b1

Dendritic cells secrete IFN alpha in response to TGF-b1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23428227

TGF-B1 acts on TH17 cells with il-21 to produce il-19 and il-26




Wednesday, February 7, 2018

IFN lambdas : the golgi cytokines

Hypothesis: the il-28 cytokine reveals the origin of the virus 

RNA viruses that only go through the golgi

IFN lambda and classic swine virus (flavivirus)

il-28 B (IFN lambda 3) and il-29 (IFN lambda 1)

IFN lambda and Dengue virus (flavivirus)

IFN lambda 3 ( il-28 B )  and IFN lambda 1 (il-29)

IFN lambda and hepatitis C

IFN lambda 3

IFN lambda 3 (il-28b) and the flu virus


Mitochondrial DNA virus that has RNA that then goes through the golgi

IFN lambda and HSV-1 (alpha herpes virus)

IFN lambda2 (il-28A) and IFN lambda 1 (il-29)


Nuclear DNA virus that has RNA that then goes through the golgi

IFN lambda 1 (il-29) but no il-28a with HHV-6 (herpes virus)

??? il-28B polymorphism in acute EBV disease

does too much il-28B get made ? where as normally only a small amount would be?





Saturday, February 3, 2018